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Scientific Ethics

Web Resources

English Resources: (The Retraction Watch Database, best of retractions) For Better Science IEEE Ethics and Member Conduct IEEE Technical Program Integrity Initiative (TPII) (Technical Program Integrity Committee Actions with a list of conferences whose proceedings were withdrawn) Ethics in research & publication @ Elsevier Elsevier Publishing Ethics Resource Kit (PERK) (Singapore Statement on Research Integrity) (; , , ; ) DUDE (DUplicate text DEtection) VroniPlag Wiki - kollaborative Plagiatsdokumentation SCIgen - An Automatic CS Paper Generator Postmodernism Generator snarXiv (arXiv vs. snarXiv game) The official Herbert Schlangemann Blog World Science ResearchCompendia ReproducibleResearch.net Reproducible Research in Computational Science Patrick Vandewalle's Reproducible Research blog
Blogs: Predatory Reports Retraction Watch Copy, Shake, and Paste: A blog about plagiarism and scientific misconduct allfakejournals.blogspot.com garbageconferences.blogspot.com crappy-conferences.blogspot.com bogus-conferences.blogspot.com bogusconferences.blogspot.com fcafc.blogspot.com ieee-bogus.blogspot.com iaria-highsci.blogspot.com WORLDCOMP = MoneyComp! M.S. El Naschie's Homepage (Old Website, Arabic Website)

Chinese Resources: 中国科研诚信网 (科学技术部科研诚信建设办公室) 五柳村 网易博客圈·学术打假 中华诚信社 2012年度皮博迪奖（Peabody Award）: 香港无线电视台TVB节目《新闻透视：学术造假》

Selected Articles

• Miguel Roig, Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing, first on-line version published in September, 2003, revised on-line version published in August, 2006
• Harold S. Stone, Copyrights and Author Responsibilities, Computer, vol. 25, no. 12, Dec. 1992, pp. 46-51, IEEE Computer Society © IEEE
• Herbert Michaelson, How an Author can Avoid the Pitfalls of Practical Ethics, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, vol. 33, no. 2, June 1990, pp. 58-61 © IEEE
• Melissa Anderson, Felly Chiteng Kot, Marta A. Shaw, Christine C. Lepkowski and Raymond G. De Vries, Authorship Diplomacy: Cross-national differences complicate allocation of credit and responsibility, American Scientist, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 204, May-June 2011, DOI: 10.1511/2011.90.204 © Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
• John Rodgers, How to Cite Skillfully and Avoid Plagiarizing, online documents, 1997
• Christian Collberg and Stephen Kobourov, Self-Plagiarism in Computer Science, Communications of the ACM, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 88-94, April 2005 © ACM
• Yu-Chi Ho, Xiren Cao, Houmin Yan, Xiaohong Guan, Peter Luh and WeiBo Gong (何毓琦、曹希仁、严厚民、管晓宏、陆宝森、龚维博), On Citing References, Sharing Ideas, and Giving Credit When Writing a Paper or Report (关于学术论文的文献引用及相关的科研道德问题), online document, 2004.
• Lori Allen and Dan Voss, Ethics for Editors: An Analytical Decision-Making Process, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, vol. 41, no. 1, MARCH 1998, pp. 58-65 © IEEE
• Charles P. Campbell, Ethos: Character and Ethics in Technical Writing, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, vol. 38, no. 3, Sep. 1995, pp. 132-138 © IEEE
• Paul M. Dombrowski, Can Ethics be Technologized? Lessons from Challenger, Philosophy, and Rhetoric, IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, vol. 38, no. 3, Sep. 1995, pp. 146-150 © IEEE
• Ronald E. Anderson, Deborah G. Johnson, Donald Gotterbarn and Judith Perrolle, Using the New ACM Code of Ethics in Decision Making, Communications of the ACM, vol. 36, no. 2, Feb. 1993, pp. 98-107 © ACM

Selected Ethics-Related Codes and Policies

• IEEE Policies, Section 6: Published Products and Services, and Section 7: Professional Activities © IEEE, adopted by the IEEE Board of Directors and incorporating revisions through 17 June 2007 © IEEE
• IEEE Policies, Section 7.8: IEEE Code of Ethics © IEEE
• IEEE Policy on Self-Plagiarism © IEEE
• IEEE Position Paper on Ethical Conduct Awareness, approved by the IEEE Board of Directors in November 2004 © IEEE
• ACM Publications Board, Conflict of Interest Policy For Papers Authored By ACM Editors-in-Chief (local copy), adopted at the Publications Board Meeting on March 21, 2000 © ACM
• ACM Policy and Procedures on Plagiarism
• ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, adopted by ACM Council on 16 October 1992 © ACM
• Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice (Version 5.2), recommended by the ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Task Force on Software Engineering Ethics and Professional Practices and jointly approved by the ACM and the IEEE-CS as the standard for teaching and practicing software engineering © ACM and IEEE
• Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics, created by the Computer Ethics Institute, 1992 © Brooking Institute

How to Do Good Research

Shujun's Talk

• 9 May 2022: Presentation for a half-day workshop on "How to Do (Good) Research? Starting from Scientometrics...", organized by School of Computing, University of Kent, UK, held as a hybrid event

Some General Guides

• The Slow Science Academy, The Slow Science Manifesto, 2010
• Nick Feamster and Alexander Gray, How to Do Great Research: Grad school survival advice from Nick Feamster and Alex Gray
• Nick Feamster and Alexander Gray, Can Great Research Be Taught - Independent Research with Cross-Disciplinary Thinking and Broader Impact, ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 471-475, ACM, 2008
• Kurt Mehlhorn and Moshe Y. Vardi and Marc Herbstritt (Editors), Publication Culture in Computing Research (Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 12452), Dagstuhl Reports, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 20-44, 2013

• Richard W. Hamming, You and Your Research (local copy), Bell Communications Research Colloquium Seminar, 7 March 1986, transcribed by J. F. Kaiser
• Marie desJardins, How to Succeed in Graduate School - A Guide for Students and Advisors, Crossroads: The ACM Student Magazine, Issues 1.2 (December 1994) and 1.3 (February 1995)
• Manuel Blum, Advice to Beginning Graduate Student, or What is Research?, or The 4R's of Graduate School: Reading, Rithmetic, Research and Writing, 29-AUG-01, updated 28-AUG-02.
• Hsiang-Tsung Kung (孔祥重), Useful Things to Know About Ph. D. Thesis Research, prepared for "What is Research" Immigration Course, Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 14 October 1987
• Philip E. Agre, How to Be a Leader in Your Field: A Guide for Students in Professional Schools, 7 October 2005
• Oded Goldreich, On our duties as scientists (yet another version with three "personal" stories), March 2004
• Practical Hints for Success in Science, adopted from hints/rules from Prof. J. Andrew McCammon (UCSD) and Dr. James Musser (Baylor College of Medicine)
• Practical Hints for Success in Science, adopted from Dr. Tanner @ University of MO at Columbia
• David Patterson, How to Have a Bad Career In Research/Academia, presented 2/11/02 at CRA Academic Careers Workshop in Washington D.C. This is a slightly revised and updated version, including advice from Richard Hamming and Ivan Sutherland
• Gian-Carlo Rota, Ten Lessons I wish I Had Been Taught, Notices of the AMS, vol. 44, no. 1, 1997
• Matt Might, 10 easy ways to fail a Ph.D.

• Patrick Vandewalle, Jelena Kovačević and Martin Vetterli, "Reproducible Research in Signal Processing: What, why, and how," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 37-47, 2009, IEEE

How to Write Research Papers

• Oded Goldreich, How to write a paper, revised and augmented in March 2004
• Henning Schulzrinne, Writing Technical Articles
• Roy Levin and David D. Redell (Ninth SOSP Program Committee Co-chairmen), An Evaluation of the Ninth SOSP Submissions, -or- How (and How Not) to Write a Good Systems Paper, ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 35-40, July 1983 ACM
• Simon Peyton Jones, How to write a great research paper, How to give a great research talk, and How to write a great grant proposal
• Michael Ernst, Writing a technical paper, April, 2005, last updated on October 10, 2007
• Michael Ernst, Choosing a venue: conference or journal?, December, 2006
• Michael Ernst, Michael Ernst, Giving a technical presentation (giving a talk), January, 2005, last updated on October 24, 2007
• Yi Ma, Warning Signs of Bogus Progress in Research, December 2007
• Donald Geman, Ten Reasons Why Conference Papers Should Be Abolished, November 2007

• Professional Writing: Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) SPi - Professional Editing Services (SPi for IEEE) 论文吧

Good Talks by Good Researchers

• Shing-Tung Yau (丘成桐), "My Past Experience in Mathematics," Chinese University of Hong Kong, 19 September 2003
• Shing-Tung Yau (丘成桐), "一個數學家的心路歷程," Zhejiang University (?), 25 March 2004
• Kai-Fu Lee (李开复), 21 Secrets to Becoming A Good Speaker, Microsoft Research Asia (Beijing)
• Yaqin Zhang (张亚勤), How to Pulish a (Good) Paper, Microsoft Research Asia (Beijing), April 2002
• Dr. Sing Bing Kang, A Perspective on Doing Effective Research, Microsoft Research Asia (Beijing), 2002
• Prof. Bai Lu (鲁白), How to Publish Your Papers in the Top Scientific Journals, 新视野系列研究生课程：科技论文的构思、撰写和发表, 生物医学世纪讲坛特邀报告, 2004 (Source: 丁香园论坛)
• Dr. Bo Li (李波), Research and Publications: A Personal Perspective, Tsinghua University, 25 August 2004
• Prof. Xiaohong Guan (管晓宏), Writing Scientific Papers and Making Presentations in English (Source: CFINS @ Tsinghua University)

Understanding the Peer Review System

• Andreas Zeller, How do different fields review papers? Experiences from ICSE, PLDI, and CCS, 27 July 2021
• Alan Jay Smith, The Task of the Referee, Computer, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 65-71, April 1990 IEEE Computer Society © IEEE
• Juan Miguel Campanario, Consolation for the Scientists: Sometimes it is Hard to Publish Papers that are Later Highly-Cited, Social Studies of Science, vol. 23, pp. 342-362, 1993 © SAGE Publications
• Juan Miguel Campanario, Have Referees Rejected Some of the Most-Cited Articles of All Times?, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 47, no. 4, 1996, pp. 302-310 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• A. L. Fradkov, How to Publish a Good Article and to Reject a Bad One. Notes of a Reviewer, Automation and Remote Control, vol. 64, no. 10, pp. 1643–1650, 2003, translated from Avtomatika i Telemekhanika, no. 10, pp. 149–157, 2003. (Original Russian Text Copyright © 2003 by Fradkov).
• Juan Miguel Campanario, Peer Reviewing for Journals as It Stands Today - Part 1, Science Communication (former Knowledge), vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 181-211, March 1998 © SAGE Publications
• Juan Miguel Campanario, Peer Reviewing for Journals as It Stands Today - Part 2, Science Communication (former Knowledge), vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 277-306, June 1998 © SAGE Publications
• Juan Miguel Campanario, The Journal Scout: An Alternative to Peer Review, The Scientist, vol. 11, no. 10, page 9, 1997 © The Scientist
• Juan Miguel Campanario, The Competition for Journal Space among Referees, Editors and Other Authors and Its Influence on Journal's Impact Factors, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 47, no. 3, 1996, pp. 184-192 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Stephen Cole, Making Science – Between Nature and Society, Harvard University Press, 1995 (中文版: 《科学的制造－在自然界与社会之间》, 林建成/王毅译, 上海人民出版社, 2001) - 注：中文版的翻译不够专业和严谨，如果要用此书做参考文献，建议尽量使用英文原版，参考刘华杰的文章“评《科学的制造：在自然界与社会之间》之翻译”

Understanding Scientometrics

• Sci-Services: a collection of links of scientific services including many on scientomtrics.

• The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA), initiated by the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), December 2012
• Douglas N. Arnold and Kristine K. Fowler, "Nefarious Numbers," Notices of the AMS, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 434-437, March 2011
• Douglas N. Arnold, Integrity Under Attack: The State of Scholarly Publishing, SIAM News, vol. 42, no. 10, December 2009, fulltext also available at http://ima.umn.edu/~arnold/siam-columns/integrity-under-attack.pdf © SIAM
  A Chinese translation of this paper appears in Mathematical Culture (数学文化), vol. 1, no. 1, under the Chinese title "诚信的危机：学术出版的现状 ", April 2010, fulltext of this translation also available at http://www.ima.umn.edu/~arnold/siam-columns/integrity-under-attack-Chinese.pdf
• Cyril Labbé, Ike Antkare: One of the Great Stars in the Scientific Firmament, ISSI Newsletter, vol. 6, no. 2, 2010 (copy on the author's web site) © International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics
• Péter Jacsó, A Deficiency in the Algorithm for Calculating the Impact Factor of Scholarly Journals: The Journal Impact Factor. Cortex, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 590-594, 2001 (This issue of Cortex contains some other papers from a forum on the advantages and weaknesses of IF.)
• Péter Jacsó, The Number Game. Online Information Review, "Savvy Searching" column, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 180-183, 2000
• Nature, Specials & supplements archive: Science Metrics, Nature Publishing Group, 2002-

• Paula J. Hane, The Prestige (Factor) Is Gone, Information Today, vol. 19, no. 5, May 2002
• Péter Jacsó, The Mirage of Prestige, May 2002
  Note: Prestige Factor was a company which promised to provide journal evaluation services like what Thomson Reuters (through the former ISI Inc., part of Thomson Scientific of The Thomson Corporation) has been doing for many years. It started in 2001 and died in the next year (2002) because of a lawsuit launched by The Thomson Corporation.

How to Survive Academia

• Computing Research Association, "Best Practices Memo: Evaluating Computer Scientists and Engineers For Promotion and Tenure," Computing Research News, September 1999
• Philip E. Agre, Networking on the Network, Crossroads 4.4, Summer 1998

• Michael I. Schwartzbach, How to Get A Permanent Position, or How Not to Not Get A Permanent Position
• Michael Ernst, Getting an academic job, May, 2000, last updated on July 12, 2007
• Michael Ernst, Requesting a letter of recommendation, October, 2002
• Uğur Çetintemel, On the Academic Interview Circuit: An End-to-End Discussion
• Jonathan A. Dantzig, LANDING AN ACADEMIC JOB: The process and the pitfalls, last updated on May 2, 2007
• Mary Corbin Sies, Academic Job Application Checklist
• Mary Corbin Sies, Academic Job Interview Advice
• Mary Corbin Sies, Academic Job Interview Questions

More about Academia: Histories, Anecdotes, Fun, ...

• Neal Koblitz, The Uneasy Relationship Between Mathematics and Cryptography, Notices of the AMS, vol. 54, no. 8, September 2007
  • Diffie used to run the “rump session”, where informal, irreverent, and often humorous presentations were the norm. There was heckling, and at one point Whit had to impose some restrictions on what could be thrown at a speaker (empty beer cans were okay, but not full ones). (Page 974, left column, Line 2)
  • Conjecture. For the development of mathematics it is better for someone to publish one excellent paper in n years than n nearly worthless papers in one year. (Page 976, left column, Line 39)
  • In 1996 I was the program chair of Crypto. ... About two-thirds of the submissions arrived by courier mail within 48 hours of the final deadline. Many had obviously been rushed and were full of typesetting errors. One author had sent me only the odd-numbered pages. (Page 976, left column, Line 8)

• Journal of Universal Rejection
• Journal of Craptology - an online journal that publishes funny/controversial things and craps (but which should be related to cryptology)
• Improbable Research - Research that makes people LAUGH and then THINK (The Ig^® Nobel Prizes)
• The Journal of Irreproducible Result
• Null Hypothesis
• The Science Creative Quarterly
• 

• Eric Schulman: How to Write a Scientific Paper (page@AIR) A Briefer History of Time The AIR Universal History Translation Project
• Mary-Claire van Leunen and Richard Lipton, How to Have Your Abstract Rejected
• Joel E. Cohen, To A Young Scientist, Absolute Zero Gravity, by Betsy Devine and Joel E. Cohen, A Fireside Book, Simon & Schuster 1992
• Some observations and questions from life, collected by Prof. Salvatore J. Sto at the Columbia University